This volume of Studies in Mycology is a successor to a previous issue âMolecules, Morphology and Classification: Towards Monophyletic Genera in the Ascomycetesâ (vol. 45, edited by Seifert, Gams, Crous & Samuels 2000). In this volume authors integrated new DNA phylogenetic information into an existing classification system, complicated by the need to accommodate fungal pleomorphy. The present volume continues the trend of applying multigene phylogenetics to generic and species concepts, extending the higher taxonomic level studies of the Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life project into a more finely resolved realm. Another controversy of contemporary ascomycete taxonomists, namely the issue of dual nomenclature, is also addressed in this issue, with authors of papers adopting five different interpretations of One Fungus: One Name. Option 1 ? Strict priority. Strict application of priority of both generic names and species epithets, irrespective of whether these names were originally typified by anamorphic or teleomorphic elements. Following the lead primarily initiated by Lombard et al. (Stud. Mycol. 66, 2010), this approach was followed here by Gräfenhan et al. and Schroers et al. in their revisions of parts of Fusarium sensu Wollenweber and Acremonium by Summerbell et al. Option 2 ? Teleomorph priority with anamorphic species epithets. This option maintains the primacy of teleomorph names at both the genus and species rank. It was exercised in part by Chaverri et al. in their revision of Neonectria sensu lato, and the associated anamorph genera Cylindrocarpon and Campylocarpon. Option 3 ? Teleomorph priority with earlier anamorph species epithets not considered. This practice was followed by Hirooka et al. in their revision of Nectria cinnabarina, in parts of the revision of Neonectria by Chaverri et al., the revision of Plagiostoma by Meija et al., and the description of the new species Guignardia korthalsellae by Sultan et al. Option 4 ? Teleotypification. In this issue, this approach was followed by Réblová & Seifert, who changed the originally hyphomycetous status of Sterigmatobotrys to holomorphic status by epitypification. Option 5 ? Single species names but allowing two genera per clade. This option is completely consistent with the requirements of the present Code. In this issue, Põldmaa followed this practice in her revision of tropical species of Hypocrea and related Cladobotryum anamorphs. All papers focus on Ascomycete systematics, and pay homage to the craft of the honoree, Gary Samuels, i.e. an attention to quality illustrations, complete descriptions, anamorph-teleomorph connections, and species-level molecular phylogenetics.
